Pharaoh: the ruler of Egypt, Incarnation of Horus

그림 1 a replica of a golden death mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun

Egypt, the gift of the Nile, the absolute power 'pharaoh' who ruled the beautiful and rich ancient Egypt for more than 3,000 years. Who was the first pharaoh of ancient Egypt imprinted on us with a dignified expression and perfect beauty? Was there a female pharaoh? What clothes did the pharaohs wear and how many different types of crowns did they wear? Did they also enjoy games or sports in their free time? Who was the greatest conqueror pharaoh? Let's solve the vague questions that Pharaoh had with facts.

Figure 2 Ancient Egyptian Map (위키피디아)

Located in northeastern Africa, Egypt was one of the birthplaces of ancient civilizations along with the Yellow River, Indus, and Mesopotamia civilizations. The Nile fattened up ancient Egypt, and the Pharaoh was the ruler of ancient Egypt who built and sustained the prosperity of civilization.

Thanks to the rich water and rich soil provided by the Nile River, Egypt was able to accumulate wealth by forming an agricultural society early on. Thanks to this, a strong centralized system centered on the Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, was achieved early on. Located at the center of this absolute power, the pharaohs are neither English nor Greek, but their etymology is ancient Egyptian. It is pronounced [per-aa] and means 'huge house'. For the ancient Egyptians, the pharaohs perceived themselves as huge shelters that kept them safe from external dangers and enemies.

The pharaoh is a hieroglyphic character:

The rectangular symbol with a hollow upper center, which resembles a modern architectural drawing symbol, symbolizes the drawing of a house, that is, a house. The symbol below symbolizes the pillar of the palace and has an adjective meaning of 'huge'. In other words, the pharaoh means a 'huge house'.

If you look at the history of ancient Egypt, it lasted 3,000 years until the Greek Alexander the Great took over Egypt in 332 B.C., a splendid and powerful pharaoh-centered centralized dynasty called the Old-Middle-New Kingdom era. In the 3rd century BC, a Greek historian named Manetho also left a record that the ancient Egyptian dynasty reached the 30th Dynasty.

그림 3 Sand dunes along the Nile River, Egypt. © nicolas lecoz/Fotolia

Like the term "huge house," the pharaoh possessed absolute power, but had to carry out heavy responsibilities and tasks. There was a belief that the pharaohs not only cared for and ruled the people, but also acted on behalf of the gods and representatives to maintain order in the universe. The ancient Egyptians believed that the pharaohs had the magical power to raise and set the sun every day for their daily dedication to God, and that the flood of the Nile, which determines farming - floods for four months from June to September, creates a rich soil layer - also adjusted according to the pharaoh's ability. This was because if the water of the Nile did not flood enough, there would be a drought.

Since the early ancient kingdom, when the Pharaoh's power was identified with God, the Pharaohs have been gradually pushed out of the position of God and downgraded to the son of God from the 5th Dynasty. However, the Pharaoh's responsibilities and duties have not changed a bit. As a representative of God, Pharaoh was not only a hero in the human world, but also took on a heavy responsibility in the afterlife as in the present world.

So, who was the first pharaoh of the pharaoh's dynasty to rule ancient Egypt for 3,000 years? Egypt's first ruler is said to be the pharaoh 'Narmer'. - Narmer, Aha, and Menes are all supposed to refer to the same pharaoh. - Egypt on the great African continent was divided early on into High Egypt (triangle region) and Upper Egypt (to Aswan region). Originally the ruler of High Egypt, Narmer Pharaoh unified Upper and Lower Egypt, which had been separated through the conquest of Upper Egypt, around 3100 BC, and established the capital in Memphis to form the first unified dynasty. And he became Egypt's first pharaoh. Starting with the Narmer pharaohs, the Egyptian dynasty began to take place, divided into the old Kingdom – the Middle Kingdom – and the new Kingdom.

<Common sense>

The Egyptians, who worshipped more than 2,000 gods, called the afterlife "Amduat." And it was believed that this was a place where not only the dead but also the gods rested. In the afterlife, Pharaoh also believed that he helped the sun god to rise in the human world by fighting the snake Apophis, which threatens the order of the universe in a heavenly ship with the sun god.